Addressing Transboundary Environmental Harm through Technology: Mitigating the Tragedy of the Commons in Global Resource Management

Abstract

Transboundary environmental harm—including pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change—has become a critical global concern, escalating despite widespread awareness and numerous policy interventions. This paper evaluates the relationship between transboundary environmental harm, the tragedy of the commons, and the mitigating potential of technological innovation in global environmental governance. Using case studies, the research examines how technological tools such as remote sensing and AI-driven environmental modelling have been deployed to monitor, manage, and prevent cross-border ecological degradation. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study finds that the persistence of the tragedy of the commons in transboundary contexts is largely due to weak enforcement mechanisms and conflicting national interests. However, technology has demonstrated promise in fostering transparency, accountability, and cooperative decision-making through real-time data sharing and independent monitoring, thus reducing information asymmetry among states. While technology alone cannot resolve transboundary environmental challenges, this paper argues that, when integrated with robust governance frameworks and strengthened multilateral cooperation, it can significantly contribute to sustainable and equitable resource management. The paper concludes by recommending greater investment in shared technological platforms and the establishment of binding regional protocols to enhance collective environmental stewardship.