15. Factors Influencing the Use of Healthcare Services across Underserved Communities in Two Niger Delta Regions of Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The healthcare landscape in the Niger Delta is marred by complex and persistent barriers, including poverty, geographic isolation, cultural beliefs, environmental hazards, and inadequate healthcare services. These factors collectively contribute to low healthcare availability for utilisation among women and children in the region, impeding efforts to improve maternal and child health and achieve universal healthcare access in Nigeria. Methodology: This study employs a descriptive research design, gathering data from 3,188 females as respondents in Delta and Edo States through household copies of the questionnaire. Results: The analysis, utilizing KoboToolbox and SPSS, reveals that 53.7% of respondents consulted a healthcare provider or traditional healer in the past 12 weeks, while 46.3% did not. Major barriers identified include long waiting times (28.6%), lack of trained personnel (6.1%), and high costs (4.1%). Proximity to healthcare facilities significantly influences utilisation, with those living within 15-30 minutes (trek or drive) of a health centre more likely to seek care than those living far away. Conclusion/recommendation: The findings underscore the need for systemic reforms to enhance healthcare access by addressing long waiting times, improving facility conditions, and increasing the availability of trained healthcare workers. Expanding healthcare infrastructure and transportation options for remote areas could improve healthcare utilisation and outcomes.