Fountain Journal of Basic Medical and Health Sciences
type: channel
description: The FUJBMHES welcomes research article, review, case study, etc, and submissions on basic medical and health sciences. MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT VISION To promote research and improve ONE health MISSION To gather research that cuts across medical, nursing, nutrition and dietetics, MLS, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, physiotherapy, environment, public, allied health sciences. 1. To present Basic Medical Research outputs for academic and associated consideration. 2. To promote industrial and academic collaboration. 3. To present evidence-based research outcomes. 4. To gather research that cuts across medical, nursing, nutrition and dietetics, MLS, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, physiotherapy, environment, public, allied health sciences. 5. To present Basic Medical Research outputs for academic and associated consideration. 6. To promote industrial and academic collaboration. 7. To present evidence-based research outcomes.
publisher: Fountain University, Osogbo.
language: en
publication name: Fountain Journal of Basic Medical and Health Sciences
issn: 1595-1553
items: Parental Influence on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Behaviour in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State
items: Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Local Chewing Sticks against Candida isolates Causing Oropharyngeal candidiasis among HIV-positive clients
items: Dose-Dependent Effects of Humic Acid Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile and Newcastle Disease Antibody Response in Broiler Chickens
items: Assessment of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders in Osun State, Nigeria.
items: Evaluation of Platelet and Coagulation Profiles Among Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia Attending Antenatal Clinics in Osun State, Nigeria.
items: Fonio-Derived Amylase: Sustainable Innovations for National Food Security and Employment Creation
items: Green Biosynthesis and Bioactivity Assessment of AgNPs and NaNPs from Pycnanthus angolensis Sap: Experimental and Computational Validation of Ethnomedicinal Use
items: Assessment of Workers on Industrial Safety Practices and Environmental Health Hazards in Selected Manufacturing Companies in Ilorin West Local Government, Kwara, Nigeria
items: Assessment of Occupational Hazards and Health Risks Among Workers in Kaidi Quarry Industry, Ohosu, Ovia North-East, Edo State, Nigeria.
items: Cytology and Histology of the Vaginal Epithelium at Different Stages of the Wistar Rat’s Oestrous Cycle
items: (RETRACTED BY AUTHORS) Outcomes and Demographic Characteristics of Diabetes Admissions in Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti: A Retrospective Study
items: Prevalence and Coping Strategies for Maintaining Exclusive Breastfeeding among Female Bankers in Kwara State
items: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Rhesus Factor Determination among Women of Reproductive Age: A Case Study from Oyo State.
items: Antiparasitic Activity of Piliostigma thonningii and Alstonia boonei on Malaria-Infected Albino Mice
items: Industrial Dioxin as an Endocrine Disruptor: Combined Effects with Hyperglycemia on Male Reproductive Health
items: Comparative Study of Some Histological Features in the Pancreas of Some Mammals Having Different Feeding Habits
items: The Role of Broadcast Media in Creating Awareness on Environmental Pollution and Advancing Sustainable Development in Osun State, Nigeria
items: Caffeine Exposure during Pregnancy Alters Reproductive Hormone Profiles and Induces Oxidative Stress in F1 Generation Male Piglets
items: Evaluation of Ecological and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Selected Hand-Dug Wells around Ido-Osun Landfill Site in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
items: Dye Degradation from Aqueous Solution by Green Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus): Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies.
items: Health Risk Implications of Heavy Metals Contamination on Drinking Water in Densely Populated Markets of Abeokuta, Nigeria.
items: Biochemical Responses of African Catfish (C. gariepinus) to the Phytochemical Properties of S. occidentalis Leaf
items: Innovative Approaches to Trachoma Elimination: A Review on the Role of Modern Diagnostic Methods and Control
items: Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination across Five Selected Roadside Marketed Fruits in Erin-Osun, Osun State, Nigeria
items: 15. Factors Influencing the Use of Healthcare Services across Underserved Communities in Two Niger Delta Regions of Nigeria
items: 14. The Social Behaviour and Perceived Impact of Headphone Use across Selected Tertiary Institutions in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
items: 13. Cardiovascular Alteration after Unilateral Isometric Handgrip Exercise at Two Different Intensities in Young Adults
items: 12. Bacteriological Quality of Frozen Chicken in Ede, Osun-State, Nigeria.
items: 11. Bacteria Isolated from Fish Pond Water and Sediment in Selected Fish Pond Ecosystems in the Osun State: Multidrug Resistance Profiles
items: 1. Public Perception Towards Women Representation in Solid Waste Management: Obstacles Towards Effective Solid Waste Management Practices

Parental Influence on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Behaviour in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State
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description: Background: Maintaining Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) of adolescents remains a global public health concern. Parents exert a substantial influence on adolescents' health, shielding them from various health hazards. Limited information exists on the parental influence on adolescent reproductive health issues (ASRH). Objective: This study assessed the influence of parents on ASRH behaviour. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional design and used a quantitative method. Simple random sampling was used to select two hundred and ninety-two (292) adolescents (10-19years) who stayed with their parents or guardians. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in the KoboCollect application for data collection. Knowledge was measured on a 14-point scale, which was categorised as poor (0-5), fair (>5-10), and good (>10-14). Parental influence was measured on a 24-point scale, with low scores 0-12 and high scores>12-24. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics at a p≤0.05 level of significance. Results: Respondents’ age was 15.7±3.16 years, 98.6% were single, and 89.4% had secondary education. The majority (76.0%) of respondents have heard about ASRH issues, with 56.3% who reported their teachers as a source of information, while 6.3% have heard from their mothers. A quarter of respondents (25.7%) already had sex, 14.7% were ever pregnant or impregnated someone, with 54.5% of the pregnancies terminated and 45.5% carried the pregnancy to term. About two-thirds of respondents (63.7%) were more comfortable discussing ASRH issues with mothers than fathers (39.0%). Despite the fact that 53.1% had good parental influence, 44.2% of respondents had poor knowledge of SRH. A significant association was found between respondents’ sex (x2=16.33, p<0.05), level of education (x2=12.87, p<0.05) and parental influence. There was no significant association between parental influence and knowledge of sexual and reproductive …
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creator: Mustapha, F. A.
creator: Ajayi, O. O.
creator: Titiloye, M. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 196
ending page: 208

Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Local Chewing Sticks against Candida isolates Causing Oropharyngeal candidiasis among HIV-positive clients
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description: Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis remains the most prevalent fungal opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents has necessitated exploring alternative therapeutic options from medicinal plants. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of three locally used chewing stick extracts and characterize their bioactive compounds against Candida isolates obtained from HIV-positive individuals with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 350 HIV-positive individuals and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Candida species were identified using the API Candida identification system. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the agar well diffusion method with aqueous extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bridelia ferruginea Benth, and Grewia mollis. Bioactive compounds were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results: Thirty-four (9.7%) of the 350 samples yielded positive growth of Candida species. Candida krusei was the most prevalent isolate (18; 52.94%), followed by Candida famata (5; 14.71%). Among the three chewing stick extracts evaluated, Anogeissus leiocarpa demonstrated the highest antifungal activity (31; 91.2% susceptibility), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.24 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis identified 28 compounds in A. leiocarpa, 31 in B. ferruginea, and 18 in G. mollis. Major bioactive compounds included n-Hexadecanoic acid, phytol, oleic acid, and various octadecadienoic acid derivatives. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups including O-H, C-O-C, N-H, COOH, C=O, and C-H, indicating the presence of phenols, alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, and alkenes. Conclusion/ Recommendations: The investigated chewing sticks, particularly Anogeissus leiocarpa, exhibit promising antifungal a…
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creator: Olaolu, A. O.
creator: Kareem, S. O.
creator: Adeoye, M. D.
creator: Ogunbode, S. M.
creator: Ganiyu, T. O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 179
ending page: 195

Dose-Dependent Effects of Humic Acid Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile and Newcastle Disease Antibody Response in Broiler Chickens
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description: Background/Introduction: Humic acid (HA) is a high polyphenol substance. Lipid profiling involves estimation of lipids and in broiler birds, it may be useful for optimizing nutrition and enhancing poultry performance. Immune response is a physiological reaction for the purpose of defense. Objective: The study examined the effects of varying concentrations of humic acid on broiler birds, focusing on lipid profiles and immune response. Methodology: One hundred (100) one-day-old broiler chicks were distributed into five dietary groups, each consisting of four replicates of five birds were used for the study. Treatment 1, which served as the control, utilized a basal diet without humic acid supplementation. Treatments 2 through 5 involved supplementations of humic acid at levels of 0.1 to 0.4 kg per 100 kg diet respectively. The study spanned 28 days, comprising 7 days of basal diet feeding followed by 21 days of experimental feed. Serum samples collected at the end of the experiment were analyzed for lipid profiling. Results: Birds receiving 0.1 kg HA/100 kg exhibited the lowest significant serum cholesterol (24.75 ± 0.42 mmol/l; p<0.05) compared to the control (25.88 ± 0.75 mmol/l). Immune response, measured via Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) titres, peaked in the 0.2 kg group by day 28. Results indicated significant alterations in low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels with increasing humic acid concentration in the diet. Birds that received 0.1 kg HA/100 kg dietary supplement exhibited a favourable lipid profile (p<0.05). The immune response of the birds showed improvement over time with humic acid supplementation in a concentration dependent manner. Diets supplemented with 0.2 kg and 0.3 kg/100 kg of humic acid showed significantly (p<0.05) increased immune response, consistently performing better than those of the birds on the basal diet throughout the duration of the study. Conclusion: The study co…
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creator: Ojedokun R. O.
creator: Ogunbode S. M.
creator: Salawu M. A.
creator: Oloyede M. A.
creator: Biyaosi S. Y.
creator: Olaniyi, K. T.
creator: Abd-Salam, T. M.
creator: Majolagbe H. O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 170
ending page: 178

Assessment of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders in Osun State, Nigeria.
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description: Background: Hypertension in pregnancy, particularly pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defences, is increasingly implicated in their pathophysiology, yet data on disease severity across Nigerian populations remain limited. This study assessed oxidative stress and antioxidant profiles among normotensive, pre-eclamptic, and eclamptic pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 210 pregnant women (≥20 weeks’ gestation) attending antenatal clinics in Osun State, Nigeria, comprising 70 normotensive controls, 70 women with preeclampsia, and 70 with eclampsia. Blood samples were analysed using standard biochemical methods to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation was used to evaluate associations with blood pressure (p < 0.05). Results: MDA levels increased progressively from normotensive pregnancy (3.87 ± 0.94 µmol/L) to pre-eclampsia (6.52 ± 1.15 µmol/L) and eclampsia (8.26 ± 1.48 µmol/L; p < 0.001). Conversely, SOD, CAT, GPx, and TAC declined significantly across groups, with the lowest values observed in eclampsia (all p < 0.001). A graded oxidative imbalance was evident from mild pre-eclampsia to eclampsia. MDA correlated negatively with SOD (r = −0.68), CAT (r = −0.60), GPx (r = −0.63), and TAC (r = −0.71), and positively with systolic (r = 0.62) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.58) (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are associated with a progressive increase in oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidant defences. The strong associations between oxidative markers and blood pressure support oxidative stress as a central mechanism in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and highlight its…
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creator: Akindele R. A.
creator: Adebayo T. O.
creator: Adejumobi O. A.
creator: Oni E. S.
creator: Aro E. O.
creator: Adekunle A. O.
creator: Adeagbo I. A.
creator: Salau O. A.
creator: Bolaji O. S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 159
ending page: 169.

Evaluation of Platelet and Coagulation Profiles Among Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia Attending Antenatal Clinics in Osun State, Nigeria.
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description: Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially preeclampsia and eclampsia, significantly contribute to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings. This study assessed platelet function and coagulation abnormalities among pregnant women with preeclampsia and eclampsia attending antenatal clinics in Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study involving 210 pregnant women (70 normotensive, 70 with preeclampsia, and 70 with eclampsia) was conducted. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires, while laboratory analyses evaluated platelet indices and coagulation parameters. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance defined at p < 0.05. Results: Demographic characteristics were comparable across groups, except for parity, which was significantly higher among women with eclampsia (p = 0.038). Platelet counts decreased significantly with disease severity (240 ± 44 ×10⁹/L in normotensive women, 174 ± 40 ×10⁹/L in preeclampsia, and 129 ± 35 ×10⁹/L in eclampsia; p < 0.001). Conversely, MPV and PDW increased progressively across the groups (p < 0.001). Bleeding time, PT, and aPTT were significantly prolonged among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, with the greatest abnormalities observed in eclampsia (p < 0.001). Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels also showed significant stepwise increases with disease severity (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified thrombocytopenia and elevated MPV as independent predictors of both preeclampsia and eclampsia, while prolonged PT and aPTT were independently associated with eclampsia. Conclusion: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with significant alterations in platelet function and coagulation parameters, reflecting progressive haemostatic imbalance. Incorporating routine haemostatic assessment into antenatal care may facilitate early identification of disease severity and im…
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creator: Akindele R. A.
creator: Aro E. O.
creator: Adebayo T. O.
creator: Akindele A. A.
creator: Okanlawon B. M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 146
ending page: 158.

Fonio-Derived Amylase: Sustainable Innovations for National Food Security and Employment Creation
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description: Background: Ensuring national food security and reducing unemployment are of high importance, and the innovative and sustainable utilisation of indigenous amylase sources is essential. Fonio (Digitaria exilis, Digitaria iburua), an underutilised indigenous cereal, represents a culturally important but economically overlooked source of amylase, an enzyme widely used in various industrial applications. Objective: This study explores the production and characterisation of amylases derived from fonio as a sustainable innovation aimed at reducing dependence on imported cereals and, as such, generating employment opportunities (state the objective to achieve). Methodology: This study explores the potential of fonio as a sustainable and efficient source of amylase, comparing its properties and performance with those of traditional sources. Results: The results showed that fonio-induced amylase exhibits high enzymatic activity, stability, and specificity, making it an attractive alternative for industrial uses. An optimal germination condition was achieved by steeping the grains in water or water containing phosphate salts at pH 6.5. However, the second day of germination produced the highest number of amylase. The obtained amount was higher for grains steeped in buffer at pH 6.5 than for those steeped in just water. Digitaria iburua produced more amylase than Digitaria exilis. Digitaria exilis gave 17498 U/mg protein, while Digitaria iburua gave 24332 U/mg protein. Optimal conditions for pH and temperature were investigated, and 30 °C was the best temperature for amylase induction. Conclusion/ Recommendations: This research highlights the potential of fonio to contribute to more sustainable and efficient industrial enzyme production, with implications for the food, beverage, and biofuel industries. The use of fonio as a source of amylase offers advantages, including reduced water requirements, low production costs, and sustainability. The research suggests that fonio, a lo…
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creator: Adefila, O. A.
creator: Morakinyo, A. E.
creator: Omonije, O. O.
creator: Ayobamidele, S. J.
creator: Fajobi, A. O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 112
ending page: 121

Green Biosynthesis and Bioactivity Assessment of AgNPs and NaNPs from Pycnanthus angolensis Sap: Experimental and Computational Validation of Ethnomedicinal Use
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description: Background: Nanoparticles are materials with at least one dimension ranging between one and 100 nanometers, and at this scale, they display unique physical, chemical, and biological properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. Objective: To synthesise and characterise silver and sodium nanoparticles from plant sap, evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and provide scientific validation for the traditional use of sodium chloride in herbal cough remedies. Methodology: In this study, Silver (AgNPS) and sodium (NaNPS) nanoparticles were synthesised and characterised using ultraviolet (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their biological activities were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, while antioxidant potential was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G level were employed to estimate the HOMO–LUMO energy gap and related global reactivity parameters. Results: Two major compounds were identified: 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide (73.05%) and 4,4'-[(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylbutane-1,4-diyl]bis(2-methoxyphenol) (26.95%). Antimicrobial screening revealed inhibition zones of 19 mm for NaNPS and 10 mm for AgNPS against S. aureus. Radical scavenging activity followed the trend NaNPS > crude sap > AgNPS. Theoretical studies indicated that 4,4'-[(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylbutane-1,4-diyl]bis(2-methoxyphenol) is more potent than the major constituent, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide. Conclusion/Recommendations: The findings provide scientific justification for the traditional use of sodium chloride (NaCl, common salt) in the preparation of this plant’s sap for cough remedies. Given the superior bioactivity of the minor compound 4,4'-[(2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylbutane-1,4-diyl]bis(2-methoxyphenol) predicted by DFT calculations, isolation and structure-activity relationship stu…
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creator: Alabi, K. A.
creator: Ibrahim, M. J.
creator: Akin-Bashiru, B.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 99
ending page: 111.

Assessment of Workers on Industrial Safety Practices and Environmental Health Hazards in Selected Manufacturing Companies in Ilorin West Local Government, Kwara, Nigeria
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description: Background: The world of manufacturing is a complex and multifaceted one, with numerous factors at play that can impact the health and safety of workers, as well as the environment. Objectives: This study assessed workers' awareness of industrial safety practices and environmental health hazards in selected manufacturing companies in Ilorin West Local Government. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was used, which involved 120 workers from four manufacturing companies in Ilorin West Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and observational checklists. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Results: Findings indicate that 66.7% of workers had attended safety workshops and 60% had access to manuals, but gaps remained in training and chemical hazard recognition. Results revealed that industrial safety practices significantly reduce workplace hazards. Education level influenced safety awareness, with degree holders demonstrating stronger comprehension than workers with only secondary education. Conclusion/Recommendations: The study concludes that safety practices reduce workplace risks in Ilorin West Local Government, with reliable equipment, positive attitudes, and higher education levels improving worker safety awareness. It is recommended that organizations should provide regular practical training, promote a strong safety culture through worker involvement and open reporting, maintain adequate safety equipment, and design simple, practical training for less-educated workers.
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creator: Jimoh, K. B.
creator: Adiama, B. Y.
creator: Opasola, O. A.
creator: Giegbefumwen, M. K.
creator: Afolabi, O. S.
creator: Sulaimon, O. D.
creator: Adaramoye, T. S.
creator: Ogunmola, D. T.
creator: Abdulkareem, A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 84
ending page: 98

Assessment of Occupational Hazards and Health Risks Among Workers in Kaidi Quarry Industry, Ohosu, Ovia North-East, Edo State, Nigeria.
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description: Background: The quarry industry is a demanding and hazardous workplace that threatens the health and safety of its workforce through chemical exposures, physical strain, and ergonomic challenges. Workers in this sector face multiple occupational risks that place their wellbeing in jeopardy. Objectives: This study investigated occupational hazards and health risks among workers at Kaidi Quarry Industry, Ohosu, Ovia North-East, Edo State, Nigeria, to provide evidence for improving workplace health and safety standards. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were obtained from 101 workers using structured questionnaires administered through stratified random sampling. Both descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (chi-square tests) were employed for data analysis using SPSS version 26. Results: Findings revealed high exposure levels to occupational hazards: 87.1% were exposed to dust, 75.2% to loud noise, and 62.4% to extreme heat. Reported health issues included respiratory symptoms (68.3%), skin irritation (55.4%), and musculoskeletal disorders (47.5%). Only 48.5% consistently used personal protective equipment (PPE), while 61.4% viewed existing safety measures as inadequate. Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between job role and hazard exposure (p = 0.041), between employment duration and respiratory issues (p = 0.038), and between hazard exposure and health risks (χ² = 19.58, p = 0.0097). PPE availability showed significant impact on worker health outcomes (χ² = 21.48, p = 0.0107). Conclusion/Recommendations: Kaidi quarry workers face widespread exposure to occupational hazards with serious health consequences, while existing safety measures remain inadequate. The study recommends stronger regulatory enforcement, improved health education programs, mandatory use of personal protective equipment, enhanced workplace safety infrastructure, regular role-specific training, rou…
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creator: Giegbefumwen, M. K.
creator: Opasola, O. A.
creator: Adiama, B. Y.
creator: Jimoh, K. B.
creator: Afolabi, O. S.
creator: Sulaimon, O. D.
creator: Adaramoye, T. S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 67
ending page: 83

Cytology and Histology of the Vaginal Epithelium at Different Stages of the Wistar Rat’s Oestrous Cycle
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description: Background: The vagina plays a vital role in the female reproductive system and undergoes several histological changes influenced by hormonal variations throughout different life stages and reproductive cycles. There are a few studies that provide detailed accounts of both cytological and histological changes in the vaginal epithelium across the oestrous cycle. Objective: This study aimed to examine the microanatomy of the vaginal epithelium of Wistar rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Methodology: A total of 20 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups, each representing a phase of the oestrous cycle. The rats were maintained under standard laboratory conditions with access to feed and clean water only. The vaginal epithelial cells were collected by gentle saline wash, a smear was made on clean glass slides, the slides were air-dried and fixed in methanol. The slides were stained with Field stains A and B to identify the predominant cell types and determine the phase of the oestrous cycle. The rats were euthanised, and vaginal tissues were harvested and processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Pro-oestrus phase cytology showed a predominance of basal and intermediate cells. Histology showed a double layer of basal cells and multiple layers of intermediate cells, no cornified cells. Oestrus phase cytology showed abundant cornified epithelial cells. Basal cells and intermediate cells were rarely seen. Histology showed stratified epithelium with a predominance of cells with pyknotic nuclei. Metoestrus/dioestrus cytology showed a predominance of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, and few intermediate cells. Histology showed a single layer of basal cells, intermediate cells, scant superficial cells, and intraepithelial inflammatory cells. Conclusion/ Recommendations: These findings highlight a well-defined pattern of cyclical epithelial growth, differentiation, regression, and immune activity under hormonal control. Further research,…
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creator: Ibiyeye, K. M.
creator: Ibraheem, N. T.
creator: Aladesuyi, L. A.
creator: Ayeni, P. R.
creator: Adeyemi, B. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 60
ending page: 66

(RETRACTED BY AUTHORS) Outcomes and Demographic Characteristics of Diabetes Admissions in Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti: A Retrospective Study
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description: RETRACTED ............... Background: Diabetes mellitus remains a significant public health challenge globally, with increasing morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. Understanding outcomes and demographic characteristics of diabetic patients provides insight into disease patterns and guides management strategies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti (FETHI) with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of diabetic patients admitted to FETHI between January 2013 and December 2022 was conducted. Patients with a documented diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Missing data were handled by pair-wise deletion during analysis to preserve available information. Data extracted included socio-demographic details, clinical presentations, length of stay, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential methods. Results: Out of 2,669 medical admissions during the study period, 168 (11.1%) were diabetes-related. The mean age of the patients was 58.6 ± 15.4 years, with the majority in the middle-aged and elderly groups. The leading causes of admission were diabetic foot ulcer (47.0%), hyperglycemic emergencies (25.6%), severe hypertension (18.5%), and sepsis (17.9%). Duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 350 days, with a mean of 47.6 ± 69.6 days. Clinical outcomes were categorised as discharged or referred (76.8%), discharged against medical advice (13.7%) and died (9.5%). Conclusion/ Recommendations: The study demonstrated a serial increase in diabetic admissions over the review period, with diabetic foot ulcers and hyperglycaemic emergencies being the leading causes. The prolonged hospital stays and notable mortality highlight the significant burden of diabetes-related complications. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus should be a concern…
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creator: Olawale, S. G.
creator: Adegoke, J. I.
creator: Afolalu, O. O.
creator: Makinde, S. O.
creator: Folami, R. O.
creator: Adekomi, T. F.
creator: Olusuyi, M. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30

Prevalence and Coping Strategies for Maintaining Exclusive Breastfeeding among Female Bankers in Kwara State
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description: Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant health and development, yet many working mothers face challenges in maintaining the practice. Objectives: This study assessed the coping strategies adopted to uphold EBF among female bankers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the prevalence of EBF and the association between key socio-demographic variables and the identified coping strategies. Methodology: A descriptive survey research design was employed. The target population included female bankers aged 18–40 years who had breastfed for at least six months and had children aged 6 months to 2 years. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 255 was determined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: A total of 163 (68%) upheld EBF for the first six months out of the 240 respondents sampled. Coping strategies adopted included personal planning, support from family, peers, and workplace ‘buddies’. Institutional supports were notably lacking. No significant associations were found between coping strategies and age (F = 0.575, p>0.05), religion (t = 1.001, p>0.05), family size (F = 0.481, p > 0.05), or job position (F = 0.334, p > 0.05). Conclusion/ Recommendations: Participants largely relied on non-institutional strategies to sustain EBF, with workplace-related support being insufficient. It was recommended thus that employers and policymakers should implement structured breastfeeding-friendly policies, including lactation spaces, flexible schedules, and extended maternity leave, to enhance EBF adherence.
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creator: Adefila, A. A.
creator: Jidda, K. A.
creator: Oyeyemi, A. O.
creator: Jatto, K. B.
creator: Ologele, I.
creator: Oyeyemi, O. E.
creator: Jidda, A. K.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Rhesus Factor Determination among Women of Reproductive Age: A Case Study from Oyo State.
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description: Background: The Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited red blood cell surface antigen. Although preventive measures such as anti-D immunoglobulin have reduced the global burden of Rh haemolytic disease, Rh incompatibility remains a significant cause of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The persistence of the problem has been linked to poor awareness, inadequate screening, and limited knowledge among women of reproductive age (15–49 years). This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Rh factor determination among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design employing mixed methods was adopted. A total of 365 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) were selected through a six-stage sampling process from six communities within the study area. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Knowledge was measured on a 9-point scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 5 classified as poor and from 6 to 9 as good. Attitudes were assessed on a 30-point scale, categorised into negative (0–20) and positive (21–30). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests at p < 0.05, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: The findings revealed that 65.5% of respondents had poor knowledge of the Rh factor and Rh incompatibility, although 89.9% demonstrated positive attitudes toward Rh testing. Practices regarding Rh determination and management of incompatibility were generally favourable. Knowledge was significantly influenced by educational attainment, religion, occupation, and monthly income. Furthermore, attitude was positively associated with level of knowledge, underscoring the link between awareness and behavioural disposition. Conclusion/ Recommendations: The study highlights persistent knowledge gaps despite positive attitu…
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creator: Chike, B. O.
creator: Ife-Ajayi, O. T.
creator: Titiloye, M. A.
creator: Arulogun, O. S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30

Antiparasitic Activity of Piliostigma thonningii and Alstonia boonei on Malaria-Infected Albino Mice
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description: Background: Malaria is a significant parasitic disease in Nigeria and across Africa, posing a risk to everyone. Objective: The study assessed the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the aqueous extracts of Piliostigma thonningii and Alstonia boonei, and their combinations, against malaria infection in albino mice. Methodology: The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of aqueous extracts of Piliostigma thonningii and Alstonia boonei, alone and in combination, was assessed against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei in mice. Curative assays were conducted on established infections via orogastric administration (0.2-0.6 ml). Chloroquine and distilled water served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, and steroids in both plant extracts. There was a significant reduction in parasitaemia loads after treatment, particularly with the combined extract, which exhibited the highest curative effect. No significant differences were observed in body weight (15.0±0.59, 17.4±0.65, 19.0±5.96, 17.6±2.27, 15.0±5.25, 19.0±5.96, 15.3±1.41, 14.5±0.41, 16.8±1.68, 15.1±1.00) and temperature (35.3±0.25, 36.2±0.12, 36.7±0.53, 36.3±0.92, 35.3±0.25, 36.3±1.14, 35.0±0.43, 35.3±1.35, 36.1±0.98, 36.9±1.55) among the treatment groups, respectively. Overall, the combined plant extracts demonstrated promising anti-malarial activity compared to individual extracts and the standard drug. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed that the aqueous extracts of the two medicinal plants are potent in causing a reduction in malaria parasite load. The findings from this study showed that the two herbs (Alstonia boonei and Piliostigma thonningii) are promising antimalarial herbs and could be explored in the manufacture of potent antimalarial drugs. Recommendations: Future research could centre on isolating and identifying the s…
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creator: Badmus-Oladapo R. B.
creator: Muse, O.
creator: Jimoh, S. O.
creator: Ogunbode, S. M.
creator: Adedokun, A. A.
creator: Adedimeji-Asafa, K. O.
creator: Anjous-Alao, R.M.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15

Industrial Dioxin as an Endocrine Disruptor: Combined Effects with Hyperglycemia on Male Reproductive Health
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description: Background: Industrial pollutants like dioxins, known endocrine disruptors, pose significant risks to reproductive health, particularly when combined with metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of dioxin exposure and hyperglycemia on testicular function in male Wistar rats. Objectives: To assess the independent and synergistic effects of hyperglycemia and dioxin (TCDD) exposure on testicular function, spermatogenesis, and oxidative balance. Methodology: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal control, diabetes only (STZ-induced), dioxin only, and diabetes combined with dioxin. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, serum testosterone, sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD), and testicular histology were assessed. Histological sections were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results: Diabetic and diabetic+dioxin groups exhibited elevated blood glucose, though differences were not statistically significant. Body weight increased significantly in the diabetic group but decreased markedly with dioxin exposure. Testosterone levels rose in diabetes alone but were significantly suppressed by dioxin, especially in the combined exposure group. Sperm motility, count, and viability were significantly reduced in diabetic and diabetic+dioxin groups, while dioxin alone paradoxically increased motility and viability. MDA levels were lowest, and SOD activity was severely reduced in dioxin-exposed groups, indicating heightened oxidative stress. Histological analyses revealed pronounced degeneration, germinal epithelium thinning, and extensive interstitial fibrosis in the diabetic+dioxin group, confirming synergistic testicular toxicity. Conclusion/Recommendations: Combined exposure to hyperglycemia and dioxin has a synergistic, deleterious effect on male reproductive health, exacerbating oxidative stress, impairing spermatogenesis, and promoting fibrotic remodeling. T…
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creator: Adegoke A. A.
creator: Dare B. J.
creator: Adekomi D. A.
creator: Fatoki J. O.
creator: Ajadi T. O.
creator: Ebiwonjumi A. S.
creator: Ojo W. A.
creator: Ajayi A. A.
creator: Ajayi A. O.
creator: Oni T. A.
creator: Omole T. K.
creator: Lawal A.
creator: Olayiwola B. D.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 126
ending page: 145

Comparative Study of Some Histological Features in the Pancreas of Some Mammals Having Different Feeding Habits
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description: Background: Mammals' endocrine and exocrine systems depend heavily on the pancreas, which aids in functions including digestion and blood sugar management. The pancreas may have differences in histological structure that reflect adaptations to various dietary habits, even though its functional responsibilities are comparable across species. These differences can shed light on the functional and evolutionary connections between pancreatic shape and nutrition. Objective: This study aims to compare the histological features of the pancreas, body weight, and blood glucose level in some mammals with different feeding habits. Methodology: Ten female pangolins, rabbits, and rats each were studied. Body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. The pancreas was harvested post-sacrifice and analysed histologically using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson’s Trichrome, Von Gieson, and Gomori aldehyde fuchsin stains to evaluate endocrine and exocrine structures. Results: Rabbits had the highest body (1975±66.2) and blood glucose levels (662.9±6.153), followed by pangolins (1327±48.01)(116.6±6.806) and rats (215.3±6.648) (121.1±6.873). Pangolins had the heaviest pancreas in absolute terms (1.930±0.068), while rats showed the highest relative pancreatic weight (0.0050±0.0) p value < 0.01. Histologically, pangolins exhibited compact acinar architecture with indistinct islets of Langerhans. Rabbits showed loosely organised acini with poorly defined islets, while rats had clearly delineated islets and well-structured lobules. Conclusion: The observed structural and physiological differences in the pancreas across species reflect dietary specialisation and metabolic demands. Pangolins exhibit a predominantly exocrine pancreas adapted to a protein-rich insectivorous diet, while rats and rabbits demonstrate mixed pancreatic features aligned with their respective feeding habits. Keywords: pancreas,
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creator: Adegoke A. A.
creator: Fadare M. U.
creator: Dare B. J.
creator: Adekomi D. A.
creator: Fatoki J. O.
creator: Ajadi T. O.
creator: Ebiwonjumi A. S.
creator: Ojo W. A.
creator: Ajayi A. A.
creator: Ajayi A. O.
creator: Oni T. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 112
ending page: 125

The Role of Broadcast Media in Creating Awareness on Environmental Pollution and Advancing Sustainable Development in Osun State, Nigeria
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description: Background: Environmental pollution poses a significant challenge for industrialised societies, including African nations like Nigeria, where the Osun River faces severe contamination threats. This river, vital for the economic and agricultural sustenance of millions and integral to the Osun-Osogbo sacred grove, is impacted by lead poisoning from mining activities. Objective: The review is set to explore the role of broadcast stations in communicating Osun River pollution arising from lead poisoning in the state. Methodology: The study adopted theoretical frameworks of social responsibility and development media theories to examine the role of broadcast media in communicating Osun River pollution and its implications for sustainable development. The qualitative research design and in-depth interviews of 12 broadcast media professionals from federal, state, and private stations were used in the collection of data and analysis. Results: Findings revealed that while media serve informational, educational, and entertainment functions, environmental news receives minimal attention. Coverage of environmental health issues, particularly Osun River contamination, is sporadic, limiting public sensitisation and behavioural change communication. Additionally, the study established that broadcast stations prioritise political, economic, and entertainment content over environmental health, underutilising their platform to amplify critical pollution issues. This gap hinders public awareness of the health risks posed by the river’s contamination. Conclusion/Recommendations:By leveraging their social responsibility role, media outlets can enhance public understanding of the advantages and drawbacks of environmental pollution, fostering greater awareness and action toward sustainable development in Osun State and beyond. The study recommends that broadcast media intensify coverage of environmental issues, produce special programmes to educate the audience on the Osun River’s polluti…
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creator: Akintunde A. R.
creator: Charles O. A.
creator: Yusuf M. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
starting page: 102
ending page: 111

Caffeine Exposure during Pregnancy Alters Reproductive Hormone Profiles and Induces Oxidative Stress in F1 Generation Male Piglets
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description: Background: Exposure to environmental toxicants, including caffeine, has been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, such as reduced fertility. Objective: This study investigated the effects of prenatal caffeine exposure on selected antioxidant, hormonal, and lipid profiles in first filial (F1) generation male piglets. Methodology: Twenty (20) randomly selected male F1 piglets were used: ten from sows exposed to caffeine during pregnancy (treatment group) and ten from non-exposed sows (control group). Both groups were cohabited with male pigs at a female-to-male ratio of 5:1 and received standard feed and water ad libitum. Upon confirmation of pregnancy, 5 mg/kg caffeine was added to the feed of the treatment group and administered until delivery. At three months post-delivery, blood samples were collected from the external jugular vein without sacrificing the animals for analysis of serum lipid profiles, hormone levels, and antioxidant activities. Results: The mean weight change was slightly higher in the caffeine-exposed group (20.50 ± 0.4) compared to the control, unexposed group (17.50 ± 0.8), although the observed difference was not statistically significant. The treatment group showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p<0.05) compared to the control. Total cholesterol (TC) levels were also higher in the treatment group. While serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly reduced (p<0.05), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels remained unchanged. Conclusion/Recommendations: Prenatal caffeine exposure induces oxidative stress and disrupts reproductive hormonal profiles in F1 generation male piglets. Further studies are warranted to determine the persistence of these effects in subsequent generations (F2 and F3).
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creator: Ladele M. O.
creator: Aderemi A. V.
creator: Oyeyipo I. P.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 90
ending page: 101

Evaluation of Ecological and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Selected Hand-Dug Wells around Ido-Osun Landfill Site in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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description: Background: Groundwater is a vital source of drinking water, especially in developing regions. However, its quality is increasingly compromised by contamination from nearby landfill sites. Objective: This study assessed the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations in groundwater around the Ido-Osun landfill, located in Osogbo Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Groundwater samples were collected and analysed using standard procedures. Physicochemical parameters were measured, and heavy metals were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after acid digestion. Results were compared against World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) guidelines. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was computed to provide an integrated assessment of water safety. Results: While most physicochemical parameters fell within acceptable limits, elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS: 429.8 mg/L) and nitrate (NO₃⁻: 37.46 mg/L) were recorded in some samples. Heavy metal analysis revealed concerning concentrations of lead (Pb: 0.03 mg/L), chromium (Cr: 0.24 mg/L), and copper (Cu: 0.16 mg/L). The calculated WQI was 358.84, placing the groundwater in the "extremely poor" category. This classification indicates that the water is unfit for drinking without significant treatment, posing immediate health risks. The WQI integrates various water quality parameters into a single value, and such a high score signals serious contamination affecting the overall usability of the water source. The health risk assessment further revealed a high non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI: 29.88), driven mainly by lead exposure (HQ: 29.25), far surpassing the safety threshold of 1. Carcinogenic risk values for lead (0.00057) and chromium (0.00027) also exceeded the USEPA’s acceptable range (1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁴), indicating a potential lifetime cancer risk. Conclusion: The presence of elevated lead and chromium, a…
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creator: Oladeji F. O.
creator: Adewoye S. O.
creator: Opasola A. O.
creator: & Yusuf B. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 77
ending page: 89

Dye Degradation from Aqueous Solution by Green Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus): Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies.
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description: Background: The textile industry, predominantly the dye industry, represents the world's major contributor to water pollution. The waste from such industries makes the water bodies coloured, detrimental to terrestrial and aquatic environments. Objectives: This study investigated and reported Malachite green adsorption from aqueous solution using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methodology: AgNPs were prepared via an eco-friendly approach and characterised by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV-visible spectrophotometer and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption study was investigated under different conditions such as, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and initial concentration of dye to determine the optimal conditions and the maximum adsorption capacities. Results: XRD revealed the crystalline nature of the AgNP. However, the SEM micrograph of the AgNPs showed a spherical shape with a non-uniform granular shape attributed to the bio-mediated process. Whereas, FTIR spectra of AgNPs exhibited 3407, 2956, 2834, 2725, 1660, 1358 and 1096 cm-1, representing free OH molecules, stretching C-H modes, stretching alkenes C=O bonds, carbonyl group stretching C-OH band, stretching C-O alcohols and ethers, respectively. The kinetic study of malachite green onto silver nanoparticle adsorbents showed that the adsorption kinetics followed both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate. Conclusion: The AgNPs can be effective adsorbents for removing dyes from aqueous solutions. Recommendation: The study suggests implementing eco-friendly practices in the textile dyeing process to reduce water pollution, targeting the adoption of biodegradable materials and sustainable dyes. It further suggests conducting further research on optimising adsorption conditions using silver nanoparticles to improve pollutant removal efficiency from wastewater in the textile industry.
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creator: Bamigbade A. A.
creator: Oduntan K. D.
creator: Sulaiman T. R.
creator: Ayeni I.
creator: & Akiode K. O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 56
ending page: 76

Health Risk Implications of Heavy Metals Contamination on Drinking Water in Densely Populated Markets of Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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description: Background: Access to safe drinking water is vital for public health; issues like water quality aberrations and pollution continue to affect urban dwellers, calling for an evaluation of health risks and pollution levels in water resources. Objectives: The study aimed at presenting an aggregate assessment of the pollution index and health risk of physical, chemical, and heavy metal constituents in drinking water resources across the markets of Abeokuta metropolis. Methodology: Three densely populated markets, including Kuto, Lafenwa, and Osiele, were selected for monitoring over three months during the wet season. Five hand-dug wells were sampled from each market and evaluated for groundwater quality parameters including pH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn). The data obtained were subjected to descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s Correlation matrix and linear regression). Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Health Risk Assessment (HRA) were estimated in the water samples. Results: Significantly, high levels of TDS and EC were observed in drinking water from Lafenwa, while high Pb, Ni, and Cd were observed in the water samples from Kuto, Lafenwa, and Osiele. The HPI revealed higher metal contamination at Lafenwa, but the value was generally below the critical index. The HRA showed high Pb, Cd, and Ni hazard quotients in adults, children, and infants, indicating non-carcinogenic adverse health effects. In contrast, cancer risk assessment showed elevated cancer risk. Conclusion: The drinking water from hand-dug wells at Kuto, Lafenwa, and Osiele markets of Abeokuta is contaminated and poses significant threats to human health upon consumption. Recommendations: The study advises the local health authorities to implement a regular monitoring programme for groundwater quality within the Abeokuta metropolis, esp…
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creator: Dami-Adekunle A. G.
creator: Akinyemi O. D.
creator: Awomeso J.
creator: Bada B. S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 55

Biochemical Responses of African Catfish (C. gariepinus) to the Phytochemical Properties of S. occidentalis Leaf
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description: Background: Consumers of fish food and products have become increasingly concerned with their health and are curious about the safety of the fish they consume. Senna occidentalis has proven to be medicinal and toxic. However, the leaves of S. occidentalis are among the medicinal and poisonous plants whose toxicity on fish has yet to be studied extensively. Objective: This study examined the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical profile of S. occidentalis for the biochemical activities of Clarias gariepinus exposed to its ethanol leaf extract. Methodology: A total of one hundred and twenty (120) juveniles of C. gariepinus were acclimatised for two weeks and randomly distributed into 12 plastic tanks of 35-litre capacity. Phytochemical screening and biochemical analysis of the experimental fish were carried out. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the data, and the distinction between the treatment groups was found using the least significant difference (LSD) at a 0.05 statistical level. Results: The ethanol leaf extract of S. occidentalis phytochemical analysis revealed that the plant's leaf qualitatively contained different bioactive substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and steroids. For the biochemical parameters (Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), and GGT (gammaglutamyl transferase) analyses to know the potency of S. occidentalis ethanol leaf extract on C. gariepinus juveniles, the results indicated that the Total Protein (5.6 – 5.1 g/dl) values decreased with increased concentration of S. occidentalis ethanol leaf extract. Conclusion: The findings revealed biochemical alterations and damage in the organ of C. gariepinus. The higher the S. occidentalis ethanol leaf extract concentration, the higher the observed damage. Recommendations: The study suggests the usage of another solvent and methods of extraction.
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creator: Adesanya, E. O.
creator: Idowu, A. A.
creator: Towolawi, A. T.
creator: & Adekola M. B.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30

Innovative Approaches to Trachoma Elimination: A Review on the Role of Modern Diagnostic Methods and Control
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description: Abstract Introduction: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of preventable blindness globally, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It predominantly affects rural and economically disadvantaged areas across low-income countries. While the World Health Organisation’s SAFE—Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement— strategy has proven effective, the disease persists across underserved communities, necessitating ongoing intervention. Objectives: This study aimed to explore integrating new diagnostic tools into current trachoma control frameworks to enhance early identification and treatment. The study analysed advancements in diagnostic methods for Chlamydia trachomatis and their application in trachoma-endemic regions, assessed the benefits and challenges of adopting these methods in resource-limited settings, and recommended strategies for optimising diagnostics in surveillance, treatment, and control programmes. Methodology: A qualitative research design with a systematic literature review was employed, utilising data from peer-reviewed journals, WHO guidelines, and case studies from trachoma-endemic regions. Results: The findings reveal that advanced diagnostics offer high sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional clinical methods, enabling precise disease detection, targeted interventions, and reduced reliance on unnecessary antibiotics. However, significant barriers hinder their widespread adoption, including high costs, inadequate infrastructure, and limited technical expertise. Conclusion: The study concludes that achieving trachoma elimination and mitigating its socio-economic impact requires a comprehensive approach that combines modern diagnostic tools with enhanced resource allocation, community engagement, and policy support. This study emphasises the importance of innovative strategies in realising sustainable trachoma elimination efforts by addressing existing barriers and fostering global collaborati…
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creator: Adedokun, A. A.
creator: Alade W. A.
creator: Oladokun L. O.
creator: Adeyemo R. A.
creator: Nassar S. A.
creator: Hassan A. O.
creator: Adeyanju K. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 25

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination across Five Selected Roadside Marketed Fruits in Erin-Osun, Osun State, Nigeria
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description: Abstract Background: The contamination of fruits with heavy metals is a growing concern due to potential health risks associated with their consumption. Objectives: This study assessed the level of heavy metals in five selected (apple, orange, African cherry, pineapple and watermelon) fruits marketed by the roadsides in Erin-Osun, Irepodun Local Government, Osun State. Methodology: Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire, and five fruits were randomly collected from two different (Elerin and Oke-Ila) markets in triplicates for 30 samples, digested, and analysed for heavy metals using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted for the laboratory gathered data to gather frequency, mean, standard deviation, and separated means. Furthermore, multivariate (precisely Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and Principal Component) analyses were conducted. Results: The study found that most vendors sourced their fruits from local farms, used fertilisers or pesticides, stored and transported fruits in baskets, and had positive views about the safety of fruits sold by roadside vendors. The results showed that the Zn-level ranged from 0. 10 mg/kg in Apple to 0.35 mg/kg in orange. The heavy metal mean values in some fruit samples were within, while others exceeded WHO permissible limits for safe levels in food. Contaminants of concern were As, Cr, Zn and Pb. Conclusion/ Recommendations: The study revealed that heavy metal levels in the fruits, particularly As and Cr, could pose health risks to consumers. The findings suggested continuous monitoring and regulation of heavy metals in food by adhering to the dietary standards for human health safety.
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creator: Adegbite K. I.
creator: Towolawi, A. T
creator: Oladeji, F. O.
creator: Adebayo, Y. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fountain Journal of Basic Medical and Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 13

15. Factors Influencing the Use of Healthcare Services across Underserved Communities in Two Niger Delta Regions of Nigeria
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description: Background: The healthcare landscape in the Niger Delta is marred by complex and persistent barriers, including poverty, geographic isolation, cultural beliefs, environmental hazards, and inadequate healthcare services. These factors collectively contribute to low healthcare availability for utilisation among women and children in the region, impeding efforts to improve maternal and child health and achieve universal healthcare access in Nigeria. Methodology: This study employs a descriptive research design, gathering data from 3,188 females as respondents in Delta and Edo States through household copies of the questionnaire. Results: The analysis, utilizing KoboToolbox and SPSS, reveals that 53.7% of respondents consulted a healthcare provider or traditional healer in the past 12 weeks, while 46.3% did not. Major barriers identified include long waiting times (28.6%), lack of trained personnel (6.1%), and high costs (4.1%). Proximity to healthcare facilities significantly influences utilisation, with those living within 15-30 minutes (trek or drive) of a health centre more likely to seek care than those living far away. Conclusion/recommendation: The findings underscore the need for systemic reforms to enhance healthcare access by addressing long waiting times, improving facility conditions, and increasing the availability of trained healthcare workers. Expanding healthcare infrastructure and transportation options for remote areas could improve healthcare utilisation and outcomes.
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creator: Eronmhonsele J.
creator: Erhabor N. I.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07

14. The Social Behaviour and Perceived Impact of Headphone Use across Selected Tertiary Institutions in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Background: Noise is regarded as sound generated as a byproduct of artificial or natural activities introduced directly or indirectly into the environment, usually at levels above 80 dB. Daily exposure to noise in many occupations may impair hearing, reduce efficiency, or both. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the headphone usage habits among adolescents in selected tertiary institutions in Ilorin and to examine adolescents' perceptions regarding the impact of headphone use on their hearing health. Methodology: Data were collected from respondents across three universities in Kwara State using a descriptive survey research approach through a structured questionnaire to gather data from the students. The sample was drawn randomly in three key zones of the institutions – the Administration building area, the university bus park and the University library. Background sound levels in these areas were also recorded. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics using SPSS 20, and the results were presented in frequencies and percentages to highlight trends across the study variables. Result: The findings reveal that most respondents (43.5%) prefer listening to music at medium volumes, with fun and relaxation (74.5%) being the primary motivations for headphone use. However, a significant portion experiences adverse effects such as ear soreness, ringing in the ears, and distraction (62.0%). Despite these issues, many respondents lack concern about potential hearing loss, highlighting a gap in awareness about the risks of excessive sound exposure. Additionally, the study finds that respondents often use headphones as part of their daily routine, with 43% occasionally removing their headphones to engage in social interactions. Conclusion and recommendations: Several factors influence adolescents in these universities. Their behaviour, perceived health implications, and experiences differ based on the duration and volume of exposure and background nois…
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Salami O. O.
creator: Sani M.
creator: Adiama Y. B.
creator: & Mohammed Y.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07

13. Cardiovascular Alteration after Unilateral Isometric Handgrip Exercise at Two Different Intensities in Young Adults
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description: Background: Cardiovascular alteration to a unilateral isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) at two different intensities can be determined by examining parameters such as heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after IHG. Objective: The study aims to understand the immediate cardiovascular alteration of IHG and to determine the exercise for improving cardiovascular health and athletic performance by examining heart rate and blood pressure. Methodology: A purposive sampling technique was used to select thirty (30) University of Benin undergraduate students; 19 males and 11 females were selected using random sampling. Each participant performed four sets of a two-minute unilateral IHG with a one-minute rest between sets at 30% and 50% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) on their dominant hand. Results: An IHG on systolic blood pressure showed a significant (p = 0.01 < 0.05) difference when done at an intensity of 50% MVC. However, at an intensity of 30% MVC, systolic blood pressure showed no immediate alterations. For the diastolic blood pressure, between 30% and 50% MVC (1.83±6.89 mmHg) all showed no meaningful clinical alterations following IHG, the heart rate between 30% and 50% MVC (0.13±6.33 bpm) all showed no meaningful clinical alterations following an immediate IHG. Conclusion: Immediate cardiovascular alteration to systolic blood pressure can only occur at 50% MVC of IHG; 30% and 50% MVC of IHG produces no cardiovascular alteration to diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. An IHG at 50% MVC might be an effective intensity for improving cardiovascular fitness and athletic performance.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Obaseki C. O.
creator: Ekezeh A. C.
creator: & Obarisiagbon O. N.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fountain Journal of Basic Medical and Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-12
publication date: 2025-01-12

12. Bacteriological Quality of Frozen Chicken in Ede, Osun-State, Nigeria.
type: item
description: Background: Ensuring the microbiological safety of frozen chicken is crucial for public health, given its extensive consumption and the risk of harbouring harmful bacteria. The microbiological safety of frozen chicken is a significant public health concern due to its widespread consumption and potential to harbour pathogenic bacteria. Objective: This study investigated the bacteriological quality of frozen chicken sold in three markets in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria: Elerin, Rector, and Owode markets. Methodology: Samples were collected from three shops in each market and repeated three times to ensure accuracy. Bacteriological analysis included total coliform count, total viable count, and detection of specific pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. Results: Results revealed significant bacterial contamination across all markets, with Elerin Market showing the highest contamination levels. Total coliform counts ranged from 1.07 × 10⁴ to 2.30 × 10⁴ cfu/ml, while total viable counts ranged from 1.89 × 10⁵ to 4.18 × 10⁵ cfu/ml. Elerin Market detected E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. in 88.89% and 100% of samples, respectively, indicating widespread contamination. Conclusion/Recommendation: Rector's market exhibited lower contamination levels, suggesting better microbial control, while Owode's market showed moderate but variable contamination. These findings highlight the urgent need to improve hygiene practices and implement stringent safety measures in these markets to ensure the microbial quality of frozen chicken and protect public health.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Oladeji F.O.
creator: Adegbite K. I.
creator: Towolawi A. T.
creator: Olayinka-Alli L. R.
creator: & Okunade R. O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 FUJBMHES
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07

11. Bacteria Isolated from Fish Pond Water and Sediment in Selected Fish Pond Ecosystems in the Osun State: Multidrug Resistance Profiles
type: item
description: Background: Globally, resistant bacteria are proliferating, and aquatic environments are quickly turning become reservoirs for resistant microorganisms. This study was aimed primarily at discovering and wanting to describe MDR bacteria in fish pond environments from Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Purposive sampling was employed in this study to collect 60 sediment and 60 fish water samples from fish ponds throughout the state. The bacterial isolates were identified by normal microbiological procedures, and the antibiotic sensitivity to twelve of the most regularly used antibiotics was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Results: E. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were among the microorganisms found. There was also substantial resistance against second-generation ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and gentamicin. In particular, there were several strains that produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs); Klebsiella species and E. coli were shown to be resistant to several antibiotic classes. Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of efficient surveillance and control strategies to address the issue of resistance while identifying the rising occurrences of MDR bacteria in fish pond ecosystems. Appropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture farming convention is a key policy in the conservation of water bodies and human wellness.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Omotoso A. J.
creator: Adewoye S. O.
creator: & Opasola O. A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 FUJBMHES
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07

1. Public Perception Towards Women Representation in Solid Waste Management: Obstacles Towards Effective Solid Waste Management Practices
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description: Background: Globally, 2.01 billion tons of municipal solid wastes are generated annually, and at least a third of these are not managed environmentally safely. Nigeria, with a population exceeding 180 million, ranks among the leading producers of solid waste in Africa. Globally, women are predominantly involved in waste handling at the household level, but face marginalisation and reduced participation as the sector becomes more formalised. Objectives: This study investigated public perceptions of women's representation in solid waste management (SWM) and its impact on effective and sustainable waste management practices. Methodology: The study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional survey design conducted across three metropolitan cities: Osogbo, Ilorin, and Ibadan, selected for their urbanisation levels and diverse demographics. Data collection methods involved stakeholder consultations, field surveys, and a context-specific questionnaire administered to 122 respondents. The analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics conducted using the SPSS version. Descriptive statistics were utilised to summarise age, gender, awareness level, knowledge scores, and attitudes. Inferential statistics, including Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test, or Pearson correlation, were applied to test the relationships and differences between variables Results: Results indicated that societal norms significantly influence occupational roles in SWM, with men predominantly occupying waste collection roles (53.3%), while women face underrepresentation, particularly in managerial positions (9.83%). Public perception favours women’s participation, viewing their roles as effective and associated with positive attitudes. However, cultural norms, lack of training, and stigmatisation emerged as significant barriers to women’s managerial advancement. The ANOVA results confirmed significant (p < 0.05) differences in these barriers across occupations. Conclusion/ Recommendations…
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Lawal S.O.
creator: Sawyer H. O.
creator: Oladeji F. O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 FUJBMHES
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07